江西省瑞金市第二中学 杨 梅
在语言的三大要素中，词汇至关重要，它是学习一门语言的基础。但一直以来，英语词汇教学又是难点和薄弱环节，如何有效地进行词汇教学，这是教学实践中值得探讨的问题。
苏联著名生理学家巴甫洛夫指出：“记忆要依靠联想，而联想则是新旧知识建立联系的产物。”形象联想是通过人为的联想使一些无内在联系的难记单词和头脑里一些生动、奇特的形象结合起来，从而达到记忆的目的。
一、词汇习得阶段
高中英语课文每个单元中，都要学习数量较多的新词汇。传统的词汇教学方法学生背得辛苦，但效率不高。但如果能将这些生词以故事等方式串联起来，那学习词汇的过程将变得轻松有趣的多。
比如： 在NSEFC Book 3 Unit 5“Canada —The True North”教学中，笔者以自己的旅游经历将本课涉及的生词（划线处所标出的词汇）引出，并及时将这些生词以板书形式呈现。
T： Today，I’d like to share with you my own traveling experience. Last summer，1 went from Ganzhou along to Hunan and Sichuan. The distance I covered can measure as long as 3000 kms. Can you guess which transport I chose？
S1： By air， because the distance you "covered was so long..
T： Not really. Rather than take the airplane.1 went there by train. Do you know why？
S2： Is that because traveling by train is much cheaper！
T： Not exactly. When l was aboard a train，I could enjoy the beautiful scenery along the trip and chat with strangers. The only disadvantage is that I had to take care of my baggage because l was surrounded by strangers. Arriving in Zhangjiajie，1 was deeply impressed by the mountains covered by mist. On the way to the top，l came across a foreigner who was also fond of getting close to nature. So we traveled together for the rest of the journey. The next day， we went to Fenghuang Ancient Town which was so quiet a town that we both wanted to settle down.
Two days later，I continued to go westward to Sichuan. There I caught sight of pandas for the first Lime.
这样，就通过故事的形式把本来无关联的词汇形成形象联想。学生在听故事的同时，很好地将这些词汇巩固应用。
二、词汇巩固阶段
将已习得的词汇重新串联组合成新的形象，开展自编翻译句子或篇章练习，以达到巩固词汇的目的和效果。
比如，在NSEFC Book 1 Unit 2 English Around the World教学中，笔者自编短文中英语翻译，要求运用到本单元所学的新词汇：我和我朋友决定利用假期做一次世博之旅。我们根据别人的建议制定了旅行计划，并列了一张需带物品清单，如凳子、食物和水。不过我们还是碰到不少问题。由于天气炎热，我们中的一个生病了。虽然年轻精力充沛，一天下来，我们与其说是兴奋，不如说是累的够呛。信不信由你，最后我的朋友出了个主意：“还不如回家网上参观世博呢！”
My friends and I decided to make full use of our holiday to make a trip to the Expo. We made the travel plan based on others’ suggestions and made a list of the things we need to take，such as benches，food and water. However，we still came across some problems. For example，because of the hot weather，one of us got sick. Even though we are young and energetic，we were more tired than excited at the end of a day. So in the end，believe it or not，my friend came up wth an idea and suggested“Why not go back home and visit it on the Internet！”
通过这种方法使原本枯燥、彼此毫无联系的单词被赋予了新颖独特甚至是离奇有趣的意义，变得生动、形象和系统化。这就能更好地帮助学生记忆和运用词汇，提高词汇教学的效率。
（责任编辑：乐三明）