甘肃玉门第一中学 蒋冬梅
过去分词的用法在高中英语学习中是一个难点,也是高考的热点。有些特殊用法的动词过去分词,看着相似,但其用法大相径庭,学生深感困惑。请看下面两道高考题:
1.(2005年全国春) with a difficult situation,Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A.To face B.Having faced C.Faced D.Facing
2.(2005年湖南)_____in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed
【解析】正确答案为1.C 2.A。但许多学生却误选了D和C,以为Arnold与face,he与dress是主动关系。其实,这里faced和dressed都已由过去分词转化为形容词,构成系表结构,此时这种动词已不再强调动作,而是表示状态。它们常呈现“be+过去分词+prep.(by除外)或不定式”形式。现将表示状态的过去分词分类介绍如下:
一、用于“be+过去分词+to”结构中的过去分词
常见的有:accustomed/used(习惯),addicted(沉溺于),astonished(惊讶),determined(决定),engaged(订婚),exposed(遭受),known(已知),opposed(反对),prepared(准备),related(相关)等。例如:
1.The matter related to your future can’t be taken forgranted.和你前途相关的事情不能想当然。
2.As is known to all,paper was first made in China.众所周知,纸是中国人发明的。
3.I left the place,determined never to come back again.我离开了那个地方,决心再也不回去了。
二、用于“be+过去分词+with”结构中的过去分词
常见的有:armed(配备),covered(覆盖),crowded(挤满),faced(面对),fed up(厌烦),filled(充满),pleased(高兴),tired(劳累)等。例如:
1.The classroom is crowded with people.教室里挤满了人。
2.Filled for the moment with extraordinary strength, the wounded boy raised himself completely.
受伤的男孩一下子使出了非凡的力气,(使自己)完全站了起来。
3.When he woke up, he found the ground covered with snow.他醒来时发现地上尽是雪。
三、用于“be+过去分词+in”结构中的过去分词
常见的有:absorbed(全神贯注),engaged(从事),involved(参与),lost(陷入),seated(坐在),born(出生),interested(感兴趣))等。例如:
1.Absorbed in his own work, he neglected food and sleep.
由于全神贯注于自己的工作,他忘记了吃饭和睡觉。
2.The guests seated in the front row come from Africa.坐在前排的客人来自非洲。
3.He is involved in working out a plan. 他专心一意地订计划。
四、用于“be+过去分词+about”结构中的过去分词
常见的有:concerned(担心;关心),worried(担心)等。
1.There is no need to be worried about him.没有必要为他担心。
2.The doctors are concerned about his health.医生们都担心他的健康情况。
五、用于“be+过去分词+of” 结构中的过去分词
常见的有:convinced(相信),informed(了解),tired(厌烦),full(装满)等。例如:
3.we’ll keep you informed of the latest development. 我们随时让你了解最新的发展情况。
4.She was tired of talking to these people. 和这些人谈话,她感到厌烦。
六、用于其它结构中的过去分词
常见的有:be known as, be surprised at/by, be shocked at/by, be frightened at/by.
(本栏目责任编辑:李 娜)